Discuss the Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming in detail. Explain its impacts and measures for control.

Global Warming and Greenhouse Effect
 

Introduction
 

The Greenhouse Effect is a natural process that keeps Earth habitable.
However, due to human activities, the amount of greenhouse gases is increasing, leading to a rise in global temperature—this is called Global Warming.
 

Process of Greenhouse Effect
 

• Earth receives heat from the Sun.

• This heat is reflected back into space from Earth's surface.

• Greenhouse gases (CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, O₃) absorb this heat and help maintain Earth's temperature.

• When the concentration of these gases increases, they trap more heat, raising the global temperature.
   

Effects of Global Warming
 

• Climate Change – Alteration in weather patterns due to rising temperatures.

• Rise in Sea Level – Melting of polar ice is causing sea levels to rise.

• Glacier Melting – Rapid melting of ice in the Himalayas, Arctic, and Antarctica.

• Food Security Crisis – Decrease in agricultural production, more droughts and floods.

• Increase in Natural Disasters – Stronger cyclones, tornadoes, and tsunamis.

• Biodiversity Crisis – Many species are on the verge of extinction.
   

Control Measures
 

• Use of Renewable Energy – Adoption of solar, wind, and hydroelectric power.

• Reduction in Carbon Emissions – Minimize the use of fossil fuels.

• Afforestation and Reforestation – Protect and restore forests.

• Green Technology Development – Promote electric vehicles, energy-efficient technologies.

• International Cooperation – Climate agreements like the Paris Agreement and Kyoto Protocol.
   

Conclusion
 

Global warming is a serious challenge that can only be addressed through international cooperation and sustainable development.

We must adopt the "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle" approach to control greenhouse gas emissions.